Chicago/Turabian Referencing Style

The Chicago or Turabian referencing style originated from the University of Chicago, with the option of approach for footnote citation or author-date reference style. Students from the Humanities department usually favor the footnote approach. According to British English, it uses single quotation marks within the references. In American English, the reference style will show double quotation marks. You can use either Britain or the English referencing style, but always check with the mentor of your department before moving forward.

Latest Chicago referencing style

The Chicago referencing style has published its 18th edition, where there are two primary components. One is bibliography and notes, and the other is author date. Some of the major updates included in this edition are expanded digital sources and social media guidance. Previously, it concentrated more on the publisher city for enhanced accessibility.

How to use the Chicago referencing style?

You should acknowledge the ownership of each of your academic writings. In the Chicago referencing style, the students must acknowledge every resource from which information has been taken in the note within a footnote in the written body. The students also have to include other resources that they have consulted within a bibliography. The bibliography should contain the entire source list at the end of the written piece.

How to write the Chicago referencing style?

The two components of the Chicago Reference style include:

• In-text citations

In the text, a superscript number is added after the data or information. You have to insert the reference in the footnote at the bottom. For subsequent citations, you have to give source details for the first time whenever it is cited, and the short version should include the title and author. If there is a long title with over five words, you have to shorten it in the subsequent citations.

• Full Reference List

The complete reference list at the document end should include full details of every source so that the person reading the paper can find every one of them independently. You should arrange the list alphabetically according to the surname. The type of information to be included is dependent on the source.

Examples of Chicago referencing styles

• Chicago referencing style for a book.

The first footnote should include the name and surname of the author, book title, publication year, and page number. The shortened title of the book, the surname of the author and the page number, if necessary, should be present in the subsequent footnote. The full reference list should have the surname and name of the author, book title, publisher and year of publication.

• Chicago referencing style for a journal paper or article.

The first notebook includes the first name and surname, paper or article title, journal name, publication year and page number. Surname of the author, short title of the paper or article, and page number. The complete reference list should have the first name and surname, article or paper title, journal name, issue publication year and page numbers.

Students of Humanities, history, arts and Literature prefer the Chicago or Turabian referencing style as it is one of the most flexible and oldest writing formats. It can include various sources, including those that usually do not fit into the system of author date.

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